We need to better understand ecological complexity, as solution to many crucial environmental problems depends on it. In the context of modern global trade systems, human society has become so highly interconnected that nearly every component has the potential to influence others. As a result, the effects of human activities are now detectable almost everywhere, including regions traditionally regarded as wilderness. Furthermore, ecosystems cannot be understood or managed in isolation. Effective management of ecosystems and species in any given area requires an understanding of their position within the broader global environmental context. This challenge has become increasingly pressing, as environmental management is now often a race between conservation and exploitation. Modern computing technologies have equipped landscape ecology with a diverse set of tools, including geographic information systems (GIS) for analyzing landscapes, databases and data warehouses to for managing environmental information, and virtual reality for simulating environmental conditions. At the same time, advances in communication technologies have made these resources widely available online, such that “e-science” is now potentially accessible to users worldwide. The integration of landscape ecology with GIS and remote sensing is essential for understanding ecological complexity across multiple spatial and temporal scales.

1. Green, D.G., Klomp, N.I., Rimmington, G., Sadedin, S. (2020) Complexity in Landscape Ecology. Second edition. Springer, Springer Nature Switzerland.
2. 近年發表之重要期刊論文。